Analysing the rules around trademarks and patents in the Philippines

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Analysing the rules around trademarks and patents in the Philippines

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Editha R Hechanova, Brenda P Rivera and Chrissie Ann L Barredo of Hechanova & Co, analyse the law around patents and trademarks including the procedure for acquiring a patent, establishing patent infringement and the enforcement of trademark rights

What is the procedure for acquiring a patent?

A non-resident applicant must appoint a Philippine lawyer or patent agent to prosecute his patent application before the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL). To obtain a filing date, the patent application must contain: (a) an indication that a Philippine patent is sought; (b) information on the applicant; (c) description of the invention and one or more claims; (d) drawings, if applicable; (e) payment of the prescribed fees; (f) priority claims, if applicable. An application that has complied with the formal requirements shall be classified, and a search shall be conducted to determine the prior art. The application, with the search, are published in the IPOPHL Gazette after 18 months from the filing date or the priority date.

Within six months from the publication, the applicant must request substantive examination with fee, otherwise the application is deemed to be withdrawn. Within the same six months, any person may present observations in writing regarding the patentability of the invention, for example, on novelty, inventive step, industrial applicability. These observations shall be considered in the examination of the patent application. If the examiner finds no reason to refuse the application, or if the notice of reason for refusal is satisfactorily complied with by the applicant, the examiner issues a decision to grant the patent registration. Otherwise, the examiner refuses the application. There is no opposition procedure, only cancellation for patents.

How long are patents valid for?

For national phase applications under the PCT, the term is 20 years from the international filing date, with the first annual fee due at the end of the fourth year from the international publication date, regardless of the language of the publication. For direct filings, the term of protection is 20 years, and the first annual fee is due at the end of the fourth year from the publication date, and every year thereafter.

How do you renew patents?

Philippine patent laws cover inventions, utility models and designs. There are no renewals for inventions and utility models, but only for industrial design registrations, which have a term of five years from the filing date, and are renewable only for two consecutive periods of five years each.

Are there any recent court decisions that patent applicants should bear in mind?

There are very few cases which reach the Supreme Court. However, the following cases are worth keeping in mind:

Doctrine of equivalents

This doctrine provides that an infringement also takes place when a device appropriates a prior invention by incorporating its innovative concept and, although with some modification and change, performs substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result. In the case of Smith Kline Beckman Corp v CA, Tryco Pharma Corp [G.R. No. 126627, August 14 2003], the Supreme Court emphasised that in determining patent infringement, the doctrine of equivalents requires satisfaction of the function-means-and-result test, the patentee having the burden to show that all three components of such equivalency test are met. In this case, Smith Kline failed to prove that Tryco's compound Albendazole inheres in the former's patent, or that the meaning of the claims of the patent embrace the compound.

Need for vigilance of patent agent and applicant

In the case of E.I Dupont de Nemours and Co. v Dir. Emma Francisco (IPOPHL), Terapharma, et al, (G.R. No. 174379, August 31 2016), Dupont, through its Philippine agent, filed on July 10 1987, its application no. 35526 for Losartan, an invention related to the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure, being sold under the brand name Cozaar and Hyzaar. For failure to respond to an office action and revive it within the required period, the application was deemed forfeited by the IPOPHL. Dupont, through its new agent, filed a petition for revival on May 30 2002, or 13 years from the date of abandonment, stating that its former agent had died and they had only learnt about the death in 1996. The IPOPHL rejected the petition, stating that it had been filed out of time, and held the agent and applicant neglectful. The Supreme Court affirmed IPOPHL's conclusion on the inexcusable negligence, and further ruled that public interest would be prejudiced, if intervener Terapharma, which developed its own Losartan products banking on the IPOPHL's records of the abandonment of Dupont's patent, and sold its own version at a much lower price, would not be allowed to compete in the market.

How can you establish patent infringement and how is infringement dealt with?

Only the patentee or his successors in interest may file a civil or administrative action for infringement to recover damages and secure an injunction. Patent infringement is the making, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing of a patented product or a product obtained directly or indirectly from a patented process, or the use of a patented process without the patentee's consent. Anyone who actively induces the infringement of a patent or provides the infringer with a component of a patented product or of a product produced because of a patented process, knowing it to be especially adopted for infringing the patented invention and not suitable for substantial non-infringing use shall be liable as a contributory infringer and be jointly and severally liable with the infringer.

No damages are recoverable for acts of infringement committed more than four years before the institution of the action for infringement. The court may order the destruction of the infringing product including the materials and implements used in the infringement without compensation. Criminal action is available for a repeat infringement, and the penalty is a fine and imprisonment.

Which pieces of legislation govern patent law in the Philippines?

  • The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act 8293, as amended), and its Implementing Rules and Regulations;

  • Rules of Procedures for IP Cases A.M. No. 10-3-10-SC, November 8 2011;

  • Rules on Search and Seizure in Civil Actions, A.M. No. 02-1-06 SC, February 15 2002;

  • Philippine Rules on PCT. On May 20 2019, the IPOPHL became an international searching authority (ISA) and international preliminary examining authority (IPEA).

Which inventions can be covered by patents?

A patentable invention may be or may relate to: (a) a product, such as a machine, a device, an article of manufacture, a composition of matter, a microorganism; (b) a process, such as a method of use, a method of manufacturing, a non-biological process, a microbiological process; (c) computer-related inventions; and (d) an improvement of any of the foregoing.

How do you invalidate a patent? What are the grounds for invalidation?

Any person may file a petition before the Bureau of Legal Affairs (BLA) of the IPOPHL, which has exclusive jurisdiction over the cancellation of a patent or any claim thereof, or parts of the claim, on any of the following grounds: (a) that what is claimed as the invention is not new or patentable, (b) that the patent does not disclose the invention in a manner sufficiently clear and complete for it to be carried out by any person skilled in the art, and (c) that the patent is contrary to public order or morality. The invalidity of a patent may also be raised as a defence and/or counterclaim in a patent infringement action over which the IPOPHL and the Regional Trial Court (RTC) have concurrent jurisdiction.

What are the requirements for a patent?

For an invention patent, it must be a technical solution to a problem in any field of human activity which is new, involves an inventive step and is industrially applicable. For a utility model, there is no requirement for inventive step, and the IPOPHL has adopted an expeditious registration process without substantive examination. The same process applies to industrial designs, and to be registrable, they must be new and can serve as a pattern for an industrial product or handicraft.

Which inventions cannot be patented?

The following cannot be patented: (a) discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods, (b) schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business, and computer programs, (c) methods for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy, and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body, (d) plant varieties or animal breeds or essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals, (e) aesthetic creations, (f) anything which is contrary to public order or morality.

What are the different stages in patent litigation?

For civil actions (Regional Trial Court) and administrative actions (Bureau of Legal Affairs/IPOPHL), the stages are similar and the stages are: (a) filing of the complaint; (b) filing of the answer (motion to dismiss is prohibited); (c) referral to mediation or alternative dispute resolution; (d) pre-trial; and (e) trial. The provisional remedies of attachment and preliminary injunction are available. Also, an application for a writ of search and provisional seizure to prevent infringement and preserve relevant evidence is available for civil actions. The stages of appeal for the RTC decision are the Court of Appeals and then the Supreme Court. For the BLA, the decision of the adjudication officer can be appealed by either party to the BLA director, then to the Office of the Director General, then to the Court of Appeals and finally to the Supreme Court.

Trademarks

Are trademarks in Japanese characters registrable in the Philippines?

Yes. The IP Code defines trademark as any visible sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of an enterprise and will include a stamped or marked container of goods. The applicant, will be required to provide the transliteration or translation to English of the characters, or any foreign language for that matter.

What are the requirements for filing a trademark application?

To file a trademark application, an applicant who is not domiciled in the Philippines should appoint an attorney or resident agent. The information and documentary requirements are as follows: (a) signed power of attorney; (b) name of applicant as well as country of incorporation and principal place of business, if body corporate; (c) enumeration of goods and/or services; (d) illustration of the mark in jpg format; (e) claim of colour, if any; (f) state if three-dimensional; (g) if with claim of priority, date of filing the priority application and the country or IP office where the application was filed.

What is the duration of a trademark registration?

The registration shall remain in force for 10 years, renewable every 10 years. To maintain the trademark registration the requisite Declaration of Actual Use (DAU) must be filed within three years from filing, on the fifth anniversary from date of registration, and on the renewal. For an international registration under the Madrid system, the third year DAU must be filed within three years from the international registration date and the fifth year DAU, during the fifth year from the date of issuance of Statement of Grant of Protection.

What proofs of use are acceptable for the DAU?

The following are acceptable proofs of use: labels, downloaded pages from the applicant's website, photographs (including digital photographs printed on ordinary paper) of goods bearing the marks, brochures or advertising materials showing the trademark on goods or services as sold, receipts or invoices showing the mark on goods sold or services rendered in the Philippines, copies of contracts for services showing the use of the mark.

How are trademark rights enforced?

For oppositions and cancellations, any party that will be damaged by the registration of a trademark may file an opposition or cancellation action before the IPOPHL. Prior registration or application in the Philippines is not a requirement to have standing. Actions for infringement and unfair competition may be administrative before the IPOPHL or civil or criminal before the RTC. The stages of the action are the same as those for patents.


特蚱および商暙に぀いお

䜜成者Editha R. Hechanova、Brenda P. Rivera、 Chrissie Ann L. Barredo

1. 特蚱取埗に関する手続きに぀いお

出願人が囜倖居䜏者である堎合、Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL: フィリピン知的財産庁)に察し特蚱出願の審査手続きを行うため、フィリピンの匁護士あるいは匁理士を任呜しなければならない。出願を受理しおもらうためには、特蚱出願曞類に以䞋の(a)(f)が含たれおいるこずが必須である。

(a) フィリピンの特蚱が必芁であるこずを瀺すもの

(b) 出願人に関する情報

(c) 発明の説明および぀以䞊のクレヌム

(d) 図面該圓する堎合

(e) 所定の手数料の玍付

(f) 優先暩の䞻匵該圓する堎合

正匏な芁件に準拠しおいる出願曞類は分類され、先行技術に察する調査が行われる。調査が行われた出願曞類は、出願日あるいは優先日から18カ月埌にIPOPHL Gazette IPOPHLの公報で公瀺される。

前蚘の公瀺から6カ月以内に、出願人は、有料で実䜓審査請求をしなければならず、さもなければ出願を蟞退したものずみなされる。同じ6カ月以内に、䜕人も、新芏性、進歩性、産業䞊の利甚可胜性に関する問題などの発明の特蚱性に぀いおの意芋曞を提出するこずができ、その意芋は特蚱出願曞類の審査を行う際に考慮される。審査官は、出願を拒絶するいかなる理由もないず刀断した堎合、あるいは出願人が拒絶理由通知に準拠する回答をしおいる堎合、特蚱登録を認める決定を䞋す。そうでない堎合、審査官は出願を拒絶する。異議申立の手続きはなく、あるのは、特蚱の取消だけである。

2. 特蚱の有効期間に぀いお

PCTに基づく囜内段階出願に関しおは、有効期間を囜際出願日から20幎、初回の幎金の玍付期限を囜際公瀺日から4幎目の末日ずし、公瀺の蚀語は問わないものずしおいる。盎接出願に関しおは、保護期間を20幎、初回の幎金の玍付期限を公瀺日から4幎目の末日ずし、その埌は毎幎玍付するものずしおいる。

3. 特蚱の曎新に぀いお

フィリピンの特蚱法は、発明、実甚新案および意匠をその芏制の察象ずしおいる。 曎新は、発明や実甚新案に察しおはないが、工業意匠登録に察しおはあり、有効期間が出願から5幎間で、各5幎の期間が2期連続しおいる堎合にのみ曎新するこずが可胜である。

4. 近幎の裁刀所の決定事項で、特蚱出願人が認識しおおくべきこずに぀いお

最高裁刀所に持ち蟌たれる蚎蚟はほずんどないが、以䞋の刀䟋は、心に留めお眮いおおいたほうが良いだろう。

(a) 均等論

本原理では、装眮が、先願の発明の画期的な抂念を取り入れるこずでそれを利甚し、幟分修正や倉曎があるにしおも、ほが同じ方法で、ほが同じ機胜を果たし、その結果、ほが同じ結果を達成するこずを䟵害行為ず定めおいる。Smith Kline Beckman Corp vs.CA, Tryco Pharma Corp (G.R. No. 126627,2003幎8月14日) の蚎蚟においお、最高裁は、特蚱䟵害の刀断を䞋すにあたり、機胜-手段-結果ずいう基準を満たすこずが均等論適甚の芁件であり、この均等論の基準の3芁玠が満たされおいるこずを立蚌する責任は特蚱暩所有者にある旚を明蚀した。本件では、Smith Klineは、Trycoのアルベンダゟヌル化合物がSmith Klienの特蚱に属するずいうこず、あるいは圓該化合物が、圓該特蚱のクレヌムの解釈に含たれるずいうこずを立蚌しなかった。

(b) 匁理士ぞの譊戒の必芁性ず出願人

E.I Dupont de Nemours and Co. vs. Dir. Emma Francisco (IPOPHL), Terapharma, et al,( G.R. No. 174379, 2016幎8月31日)の蚎蚟においお、Dupontは、同瀟のフィリピンの匁理士を通じ、1987幎7月10日、高血圧および鬱血性心䞍党の治療に関係する発明であるロサルタンに察し出願第35526号、Cozaar及びHyzaarずいう商品名で販売。 拒絶理由通知に応答せず、必芁な期間内に埩掻させなかったこずで、出願の暩利攟棄であるずIPOPHLに刀断された。Dupontは、以前の匁理士が死亡し、そのこずを1996幎になっお初めお知ったず蚀い、同瀟の新たな匁理士を通じ、2002幎5月30日、出願攟棄から13幎埌に出願を埩掻させる申し立おを行った。IPOPHLは、既に期限切れでの申し立おずいう理由からそれを棄华、圓該匁理士および出願者を攟眮した。最高裁刀所は、匁解の䜙地のない怠慢ずいうIPOPHLの決定を支持し、たたIPOPHLが保管するDuponの特蚱攟棄の蚘録を頌りに独自にロサルタン補品を開発し、より䜎䟡栌で販売しおきた参加人のTerapharmaが垂堎で競合するこずを認められなければ、公共の利益が損なわれるであろうずさらに螏み蟌んだ刀決を䞋した。

5. 特蚱䟵害の立蚌および察応方法に぀いお

特蚱暩所有者あるいは利害関係のある盞続人のみが、特蚱暩䟵害に察し民事蚎蚟あるいは行政凊分の申請をし、損害賠償を請求し、差し止めを行うこずができる。特蚱䟵害ずは、特蚱暩所有者の蚱可を埗ずに、特蚱を受けた補品あるいは特蚱を受けた方法を盎接的あるいは間接的に䜿甚しお獲埗した補品を補造、䜿甚、販売甚に提䟛、販売、あるいは茞入するこず、たたは特蚱を受けた方法を䜿甚するこずである。特蚱の䟵害を積極的に誘発するか、あるいは特蚱発明の䟵害のために特に䜿われるものであり、か぀、実質的に䟵害しない䜿甚には適さないものであるこずを知りながら特蚱を受けた補品、たたは特蚱を受けた方法により補造される補品の郚品を䟵害者に積極的に提䟛する者は、寄䞎䟵害者ずしお法埋䞊の責任を有し、か぀、䟵害者ず連垯しお、および別個に法埋䞊の責任を有する。䟵害蚎蚟の提起から4幎以䞊前になされた䟵害行為に぀いおは、損害賠償を求めるこずはできない。裁刀所は、特蚱䟵害に䜿甚されおいる材料および噚具を含めた䞍正補品を補償せずに砎棄する呜什を䞋すこずができる。繰り返される䟵害に察しおは、刑事蚎蚟を起こすこずが可胜であり、眰金ず懲圹を科すこずができる。

6. 特蚱法に適甚されるフィリピンの法埋に぀いお

a. フィリピン知的財産法 第8293号法、その改正を含むおよびその運甚芏則

b. 知的財産事件手続芏則A.M. No. 10-3-10-SC, 2011幎11月8日

c. 民事蚎蚟における捜査抌収に関する芏則A.M. No. 02-1-06 SC, 2002幎2月15日

d. フィリピンにおける囜際特蚱出願PCTに関する芏則 *2019幎5月20日、IPOPHLは、囜際調査機関(ISA)および囜際予備審査機関(IPEA)ずなった。

7. 特蚱の察象ずなる発明に぀いお

特蚱性のある発明は、以䞋(a)(d)の芁件を満たすか、たたは関連するものである。

(a) 機械、装眮、補造物、組成物、埮生物などの補品

(b) 䜿甚法、補造法、非生物孊的方法、埮生物孊的方法などの方法

(c) コンピュヌタヌに関わる発明

(d) 䞊蚘いずれかの改善事項

8. 特蚱取消しの方法および根拠に぀いお

䜕人も、以䞋(a)(c)のいずれかの根拠に基づき、特蚱あるいはその特蚱のクレヌムのいずれか、たたはそのクレヌムの䞀郚分の取消に぀いお、独占的な裁刀暩をも぀IPOPHLのBureau of Legal Affairs(BLA: 法務局)に察し、取消の申し立おをするこずができる。

(a) 特蚱請求の察象である発明が新しくない、あるいは特蚱性がない

(b) 特蚱による発明の開瀺が、優れた技術を有する者による発明の実斜においお、䞍明確、か぀、䞍完党である

(c) 特蚱が公的秩序あるいは倫理に反しおいる

特蚱の取消しに぀いおは、IPOPHLおよびRegional Trial Court (RTC: 地方裁刀所)が競合管蜄暩を持぀特蚱䟵害蚎蚟においお、答匁およびたたは反蚎請求ずしお取り䞊げられるこずがある。

9. 特蚱の芁件に぀いお

発明特蚱は、新しいもの、画期的な手段、産業䞊応甚できるものずしお、人的掻動のあるいずれの分野においおも問題の技術的解決ずなるものでなければならない。実甚新案に぀いおは、画期的な手段に察する芁件はなく、IPOPHLでは、実䜓審査なしの迅速登録を行っおいる。工業意匠に察しおも同じ方法が適甚されおいお、登録に必芁なこずは新しいものであり、か぀、工業補品あるいは手工芞品を補造する際のひな型ずしお機胜するこずである。

10. 特蚱の察象ずならない発明に぀いお

以䞋の(a)(f)は特蚱の察象ずならない。

(a) 発芋、科孊的理論および数孊的方法

(b) 粟神的な行為を行う、ゲヌムをする、あるいは商売をする構想、芏則および方法、䞊びにコンピュヌタヌ・プログラム

(c) 倖科的凊眮による人䜓あるいは動物の治療法、たたは人䜓あるいは動物に斜される治療および蚺断方法

(d) 怍物の品皮あるいは動物の品皮、たたは怍物および動物の生産のための本質的に生物孊的なプロセス

(e) 矎的創䜜

(f) 公的秩序あるいは倫理に反する党おのもの

11. 特蚱蚎蚟における各段階に぀いお

民事蚎蚟(RTC)および行政執行(BLA/IPOPHL)は、倚かれ少なかれ、同じような段階を螏み、それは以䞋(a)(e)の通りである。

(a) 䞍服の申し立お

(b) 答匁棄华の申し立おは犁じられおいる

(c) 調停ぞの送臎あるいは裁刀倖玛争解決

(d) 公刀前手続き

(e) 公刀

民事蚎蚟では、䟵害を防ぎ、関連蚌拠を抌さえるために捜査および暫定的抌収の什状を申請するこずができる。RTCの刀決に察する申し立おは、控蚎裁刀所で行われ、次に最高裁刀所で行われる。BLAに぀いおは、裁定係官の刀決に察し、圓事者のいずれかが、BLAディレクタヌ、BLA長官、控蚎裁刀所、最高裁刀所の順に䞊蚎するこずができる。

商暙

12. フィリピンで日本語文字での商暙登録が可胜であるかに぀いお

日本語文字での商暙登録は可胜である。IP Code (知的財産法)では、商暙を、䌁業の物品あるいはサヌビスを識別するこずを可胜にする目に芋える暙識ず定矩し、刻印されおいる、あるいは印が぀けられた物品の容噚も含たれるずしおいる。出願者は、圓該文字、あるいはそれに䜿甚されおいるあらゆる倖囜語の英語ぞの曞き盎し、たたは翻蚳を提出する必芁がある。

13. 商暙申請に関する芁件に぀いお

フィリピン囜倖に居䜏する出願者が商暙の登録申請を行うためには、匁護士あるいは匁理士を任呜しなければならない。必芁な情報および提出曞類に関する芁件は、以䞋(a)(g)の通りである。

(a) 眲名のある委任状

(b) 出願者名、および法人の堎合は、法人登録しおいる囜および事業を行っおいる䞻な堎所

(c) 物品およびたたはサヌビスの目録

(d) jpgフォヌマットでの商暙の図面

(e) 色圩の蚘茉該圓する堎合

(f) Dであるかの蚘茉

(g) 優先暩を䞻匵する堎合は、優先暩出願日および出願をした囜あるいは知財局

14. 商暙登録の期間に぀いお

登録は、10幎間効力を有し、10幎ごずに曎新可胜である。商暙登録を維持するため、出願日から3幎以内、登録日から5幎目を経過した埌および曎新時にDeclaration of Actual Use (DAU:商暙の実際の䜿甚に関する宣誓曞)を提出するこずが矩務付けられおいる。マドリッド制床に基づいた囜際登録に぀いおは、囜際登録日から3幎以内に、3幎目のDAUを、Statement of Grant of Protection (保護容認声明)の発行日から5幎目の間に、5幎目のDAUを提出するこずが矩務付けられおいる。

15. DAUで蚌拠ずしお䜿甚できるものに぀いお

䜿甚が認められおいるものの䟋ずしおは次の通りである。商暙の぀いた物品のラベル、出願者のり゚ブサむトからダりンロヌドされたペヌゞ、写真普通玙に印刷されたデゞタル写真を含む、および販売されおいる物品あるいはサヌビスに衚瀺されおいる商暙を瀺すパンフレットあるいは宣䌝資料、䞊びに販売されおいる物品あるいはフィリピンで提䟛されおいるサヌビスに衚瀺されおいる商暙を瀺す領収曞あるいは請求曞

16. 商暙暩の暩利行䜿の方法に぀いお

異議および取消しに関しお、 商暙の登録により損害を被るいかなる圓事者も、IPOPHLに異議あるいは取消し蚎蚟の申し立おをするこずができる。フィリピンにおける先行登録あるいは出願は、法的裏付けをする䞊で必芁なものではない。 䟵害および䞍圓競争に察する蚎蚟は、IPOPHLで、民事あるいは刑事蚎蚟は、RTCでそれぞれ察応可胜である。蚎蚟の各段階は、特蚱のそれず同じである。

Editha R. Hechanova

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Editha R Hechanova specialises in patent and trademark litigation and prosecution and has initiated and completed numerous successful enforcement actions against counterfeiters and infringers. She is currently the president/CEO of Hechanova & Co, and also the managing partner of the law offices of Hechanova Bugay Vilchez & Andaya-Racadio. She is a certified public accountant and certified patent agent by the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL). She was cited as a leading lawyer in IP by Asialaw magazine from 2005 to 2019 and listed in the top 100 lawyers in the Philippines by the Asia Business Journal in the years 2018 and 2019.

Editha R. Hechanovaは、特蚱商暙蚎蚟および出願手続きを専門ずし、停造および暩利䟵害に察する数倚くの蚎蚟を起こし、それらを成功裏に収めおきたした。Hechanovaは、珟圚Hechanova & Co., Inc.の代衚取締圹瀟長を務め、たたHechanova Bugay Vilchez & Andaya-Racadio法埋事務所の執行パヌトナヌでもありたす。同氏は、公認䌚蚈士であるず同時に、Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL: フィリピン知的財産庁) 認定の匁理士でもあり、2005幎から2019幎の法埋専門雑誌「Asialaw」では、䞀流の知的財産専門の匁護士ずしお、2018幎および2019幎の「Asia Business Journal 」アゞア・ビゞネス・ゞャヌナルでは、フィリピンのトップ100人の匁護士ずしお玹介されおいたす。


Brenda P. Rivera

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Brenda P Rivera, an economist, is the vice-president and director for patents of Hechanova & Co, and manages the patent division which handles patent prosecution for both international and domestic clients, searches including freedom to operate searches, and patent drafting. She has received special training in food marketing/distribution systems. She is a certified patent valuation analyst by the Business Development Academy in New Jersey, USA, and a member of the company's patent valuation team. She also handles the litigation support division including market surveys.

Brenda P. Riveraは、経枈専門家であり、たたHechanova & Co., Inc.で特蚱統括本郚長ずしお、囜内倖の顧客に察する特蚱出願手続、FTO調査を含む特蚱調査、および明现曞のドラフティングを行う特蚱郚門の管理監督をしおいたす。Riveraは、食品のマヌケティング流通システムに関する専門教育を受け、アメリカのニュヌゞャヌゞヌ州にある教育機関Business Development Academy認定の特蚱審査アナリストであり、フィリピンの特蚱審査チヌムの䞀員でもありたす。たた、同氏は垂堎調査を含む蚎蚟支揎郚門にも携わっおいたす。


Chrissie Ann L. Barredo

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Chrissie Ann L Barredo is a senior patent manager/senior associate. She obtained her law degree from the University of the Philippines and Bsc in management information systems from the Ateneo de Manila University. She has over 10 years extensive experience in intellectual property law which includes litigation involving patent, trademark and design infringement and other IPR violations filed before the IPOPHL and regular and appellate courts. She is a certified patent agent by the IPOPHL.

Chrissie Ann L. Barredoは、シニア・パテント・マネヌゞャヌおよびシニア・ア゜シ゚むト匁護士です。Barredoは、フィリピン倧孊で法孊士を、Ateneo de Manila Universityアテネオ・デ・マニラ倧孊で理孊士経営情報システム専攻をそれぞれ取埗しおいたす。同氏は、特蚱、商暙および意匠暩䟵害、その他知的財産暩䟵害に察するIPOPHLおよび通垞の裁刀所たたは䞊蚎裁刀所ぞの蚎蚟を含め、知的財産法に぀いお10幎を超える幅広い経隓を有しおいたす。たた、IPOPHL認定の匁理士でもありたす。


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